Applied Physics

Quantum Mechanics

• Introduction to quantum physics
• blackbody radiation – Stefan-Boltzmann’s law
• Wein’s and Rayleigh-Jean’s law
• Planck’s radiation law - photoelectric effect
• Davisson and Germer experiment
• Heisenberg uncertainty principle
• Born interpretation of the wave function
• time independent Schrodinger wave equation
• particle in one dimensional potential box

Solids

• Symmetry in solids
• free electron theory (Drude & Lorentz, Sommerfeld)
• Fermi-Dirac distribution
• Bloch’s theorem
• Kronig-Penney model
• E-K diagram- effective mass of electron-origin of energy bands
• classification of solids

Semiconductors

• Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors
• Hall effect
• direct and indirect band gap semiconductors

Devices

• construction, principle of operation and characteristics of P-N Junction diode
• Zener diode and bipolar junction transistor (BJT)
• LED
• PIN diode
• avalanche photo diode (APD) and solar cells
• their structure
• materials
• working principle and characteristics

Dielectric Materials

• Basic definitions
• types of polarizations (qualitative)
• ferroelectric
• piezoelectric
• and pyroelectric materials
• applications
• liquid crystal displays (LCD) and crystal oscillators

Magnetic Materials

• Hysteresis
• soft and hard magnetic materials
• magnetostriction
• magnetoresistance
• applications
• bubble memory devices
• magnetic field sensors and multiferroics

Energy Materials

• Conductivity of liquid and solid electrolytes
• superionic conductors
• materials and electrolytes for super capacitors
• rechargeable ion batteries
• solid fuel cells

Nanoscale

• quantum confinement
• surface to volume ratio

Fabrication Techniques

• bottom-up fabrication: sol-gel
• precipitation
• combustion methods
• top-down fabrication: ball milling
• physical vapor deposition (PVD)
• chemical vapor deposition (CVD)

Characterization Techniques

• XRD
• SEM & TEM

Applications of Nanomaterials

Lasers

• Laser beam characteristics
• three quantum processes
• Einstein coefficients and their relationslasing action
• pumping methods
• ruby laser
• He-Ne laser
• CO2 laser
• Argon ion Laser
• Nd:YAG laser
• semiconductor laser
• applications of laser

Fiber Optics

• Introduction to optical fiber
• advantages of optical Fibers
• total internal reflection
• construction of optical fiber
• acceptance angle
• numerical aperture
• classification of optical fibers
• losses in optical fiber
• optical fiber for communication system
• applications